peptide synthetases การใช้

• Some non-proteinogenic amino acids are incorporated into nonribosomal peptides which are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases.
• Due to these structural and mechanistic similarities, some nonribosomal peptide synthetases contain propionate-derived subunits into the peptide chain.
• The biosynthesis of streptogramin B is carried out by large multifunctional enzymes called non-ribosomal peptide synthetases ( NRPS ).
• This was determined after genome sequencing of " P . didemi " showed a lack of non ribosomal peptide synthetases.
• Other nonribosomal peptides are most common in unicellular organisms, plants, and fungi and are synthesized by modular enzyme complexes called " nonribosomal peptide synthetases ".
• Nonribosomal peptides are synthesized by "'nonribosomal peptide synthetases "', which, unlike the ribosomes, are independent of messenger RNA . Each nonribosomal peptide synthetase can synthesize only one type of peptide.
• Teixobactin is an 11-residue, macrocyclic depsipeptide hypothesized by its discoverers to be synthesized in " E . terrae " by the nonribosomal peptide synthetases Txo1 and Txo2 ( encoded by the genes " txo1 " and " txo2 " ).
• 4'- Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins ( ACP ) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, and peptidyl carrier proteins ( PCP ) and aryl carrier proteins ( ArCP ) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases ( NRPS ).
• By contrast with the nonribosomal peptide synthetases that produces some cyclic peptides like gramicidin S, SICLOPPS offers the advantage that the peptides'structure can be encoded by DNA in a simple manner according to the genetic code, but for this reason it imposes limitations on the types of amino acids incorporated that are comparable to those that apply to ordinary proteins.